Pen Names of Malayalam Writers

                         There are several Kerala Malayalam writers who write under their pen name(nick name).The most commonly asked malayalam writers pen names by kerala psc exams.

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General Formulas ( Problems on Trains)

• x km/hr = x×518 m/s 


• y m/s = y×185 km/hr 


• Speed = distance/time
  s = d/t


• velocity = displacement/time
  v = d/t


• Time taken by a train x meters long to pass a pole or standing man or a post
  = Time taken by the train to travel x meters.


• Time taken by a train x meters long to pass an object of length y meters
  = Time taken by the train to travel (x + y) metres.


• Suppose two trains or two objects are moving in the same direction at v1 m/s and v2 m/s where v1 > v2,
  then their relative speed = (v1 – v2) m/s


• Suppose two trains or two objects are moving in opposite directions at v1 m/s and v2 m/s ,
  then their relative speed = (v1+ v2) m/s


• Assume two trains of length x metres and y metres are moving in opposite directions at v1 m/s and v2 m/s, Then
  The time taken by the trains to cross each other = (x+y) / (v1+v2) seconds


• Assume two trains of length x metres and y metres are moving in the same direction at at v1 m/s and v2 m/s where v1 > v2, Then
  The time taken by the faster train to cross the slower train = (x+y) / (v1-v2) seconds


• Assume that two trains (objects) start from two points P and Q towards each other at the same time and after crossing they take p and q seconds to reach Q and P respectively. Then,
  
  
  A's speed: B's speed = q√:p√
  
  

Important Years

Important Years  View >>

Important Days

Important Days       Views

Jnanpith Award

                 The Jnanpith Award is given for the best creative literary writing by any Indian citizens in any of the languages included in the VIII Schedule of the Indian Constitution. The award carries a cash price of Rs.2.5 lakh, a citation and a bronze replica of Vagdevi.

                The Jnanpith Award was instituted on May 22, 1961 The first award was given in 1965. So far, 40 eminent writers have received the award in 32 years. On two occasions, the award was given to Kannada writers six times, five times each to Hindi and Bengali writers, four times to Malayalam, thrice to Oriya, twice each to Gujarati, Marathi, Telugu and Urdu, and one each to Assamese, Punjabi and Tamil writers.

Jnanpith Award   Download >>

About Sahitya Akademi Awards

                Every year since its inception in 1954, the Sahitya Akademi Award prizes to the most outstanding books of literary merit published in any of the major Indian languages recognised by the Akademy. The award amount, which was Rs.5,000 since inception, had been enhanced to Rs.10,000 from 1983, Rs.25,000 from 1988, Rs.40,000 from 2001, Rs.50,000 from 2003 and is now Rs.1,00,000 from 2009. The first Awards were given in 1955.

Sahitya Academy Award in Malayalam    Download >>

Sahitya Academy Award in Assamese     Download >>

2007 Microsoft Office Add-in: Microsoft Save as PDF

                This download allows you to export and save to the PDF format in eight 2007 Microsoft Office programs. It also allows you to send files as e-mail attachments in the PDF format in a subset of these programs.

Download >>

Boot Dos from USB

                Creating a DOS Bootable USB Flash drive to "Boot DOS from USB".a tool called Rufus.Rufus can also be used to create a Bootable USB version of a given distro from an ISO File.

Install application      Download >> Rufus

1) Select usb Device.

2) Select filesystem to FAT32

3) select Create a DOS bootable disk

4) Click start and enjoy.........




     more details  link

Multi OS are boot from pendrive

               YUMI - Multiboot USB Creator  is used to Multiboot ISOs.It can be used to create a Multiboot USB Flash Drive containing multiple operating systems, antivirus utilities, disc cloning, diagnostic tools, and more.

               YUMI uses syslinux to boot extracted distributions stored on the USB device, and reverts to using grub to Boot Multiple ISO files from USB, if necessary.

Download >>  YUMI - Multiboot USB Creator (Windows)    

more details link          

vim command examples

• Go to the 143rd line of file

        eg:  $ vim +120 filename.txt

• Go to the first match of the specified

        eg:  $vim +/search-term filename.txt

• Open the file in read only mode

        eg:  $ vim -R /etc/passwd

vim install in Windows

Download Vim for Windows

Download >>   gvim72.exe  directly.

Configure gVim

• On UNIX platform Vim configuration file is called .vimrc

• On Windows platform the vim configuration file is called _vimrc

• _vimrc file is located under $HOME/_vimrc. For example: C:\Documents and Settings\ramesh\_vimrc

• Please note there is a _ (underscore) before vimrc on Windows platform

Vim (text editor)

                  Vim is a text editor written by Bram Moolenaar and first released publicly in 1991. It based on the vi editor common to unix-like systems. Vim is designed for use both from a command line interface and as a standalone application in a graphical user interface. Vim is free and open source software. The license is compatible with the GNU General Public License.

                    Vim has since been developed to be cross-platform, supporting many other platforms. In 2006, it was voted the most popular editor amongst Linux Journal readers.
There are two modes in vim. One is the command mode and another is the insert mode.

1) In the command mode, user can move around the file, delete text, etc.
2) In the insert mode, user can insert text.

Changing mode from one to another

From insert mode to command mode type Esc (escape key) and type a/A/i/I/o/O  or insert key( see details below)

Some useful commands for VIM

  Text Entry Commands (Used to start text entry)

• a   Append text following current cursor position
• A   Append text to the end of current line
• i   Insert text before the current cursor position
• I   Insert text at the beginning of the cursor line
• o  Open up a new line following the current line and add text there
• O  Open up a new line in front of the current line and add text there

The following commands are used only in the commands mode.

• h Moves the cursor one character to the left
• l  Moves the cursor one character to the right
• k Moves the cursor up one line
• j Moves the cursor down one line
• nG or :n  Cursor goes to the specified (n) line

(ex. 10G goes to line 10)

• ^F (CTRl F)  Forward screenful
• ^B Backward screenful
• ^f One page forward
• ^b One page backward
• ^U Up half screenful
• ^D Down half screenful
• $ Move cursor to the end of current line
• 0 (zero) Move cursor to the beginning of current line
• w Forward one word
• b Backward one word

Exit Commands

• :wq  Write file to disk and quit the editor
• :q!   Quit (no warning)
• :q  Quit (a warning is printed if a modified file has not been saved)
• ZZ Save workspace and quit the editor (same as :wq)
• : 10,25 w temp   write lines 10 through 25 into file named temp. Of course, other line numbers can be used. (Use :f to find out the line numbers you want.

 Text Deletion Commands

• x  Delete character
• dw Delete word from cursor on
• db Delete word backward
• dd Delete line
• d$ Delete to end of line
• d^  (d caret, not CTRL d) Delete to beginning of line
• Yank (has most of the options of delete)-- VI's copy commmand
• yy  yank current line
• y$ yank to end of current line from cursor
• yw yank from cursor to end of current word
• 5yy yank, for example, 5 lines
• Paste (used after delete or yank to recover lines.)
• p paste below cursor
• P paste above cursor
• "2p paste from buffer 2 (there are 9)
• u Undo last change
• U Restore line
• J  Join next line down to the end of the current line

File Manipulation Commands

• :w  Write workspace to original file
• :w file  Write workspace to named file
• :e file  Start editing a new file
• :r file  Read contents of a file to the workspace

To create a page break, while in the insert mode, press the CTRL key
And l. ^L will appear in your text and will cause the printer to start
A new page.

 Other Useful Commands
Most commands can be repeated n times by typing a number, n, before the command. For example 10dd means delete 10 lines.
. Repeat last command
cw Change current word to a new word

• r Replace one character at the cursor position
• R Begin overstrike or replace mode – use ESC key to exit
• :/ pattern Search forward for the pattern
• :? pattern Search backward for the pattern
• n (used after either of the 2 search commands above to continue to find next occurrence of the pattern.
• :g/pat1/s//pat2/g replace every occurrence of pattern1 (pat1) with pat2

Example :g/tIO/s//Ada.Text_IO/g
This will find and replace tIO by Ada.text_IO everywhere in the file.

• :g/a/s// /g replace the letter a, by blank
• :g/a/s///g replace a by nothing

note: Even this command be undone by u

Examples

Opening a New File
Step 1 type vim filename (create a file named filename)
Step 2 type i ( switch to insert mode)
Step 3 enter text (enter your  program)
Step 4 hit Esc key (switch back to command mode)
Step 5 type :wq (write file and exit vim)

 Editing the Existing File
Step 1 type vim filename (edit the existing file named filename)
Step 2 move around the file using h/j/k/l key or any appropriate command
h Moves the cursor one character to the left
l Moves the cursor one character to the right
k Moves the cursor up one line
j Moves the cursor down one line
nG or :n Cursor goes to the specified (n) line
(ex. 10G goes to line 10)
Step 3 edit required text (replace or delete or insert)
Step 4 hit Esc key (exit from insert mode if you insert or replace text)
Step 5 type :wq

install in Linux

in cent os
yum install vim

in Ubuntu
apt-get install vim

currency of countries

Currency of countries    Download >>

        

Scrub Browser Cache

           If you don't want your temporary files hanging around, you can instruct IE to delete them automatically every time you exit the browser.
 Go to Tools > Internet Options and open the Advanced tab. Scroll down to the Security section, then click the checkbox next to "Empty Temporary Internet Files folder when browser is closed."

Disable Plug-ins in Internet Explorer

            If IE runs too slowly, or if it freezes up on you a lot, try disabling some of its preinstalled add-ons. 
Click Tools > Manage Add-ons > Enable or Disable Add-ons to see which add-ons are enabled. 
           Select an add-on you don't want preinstalled, then click the Disable radio button under Settings to deactivate it.

Simple tips

1.Switch to welcome screen

Press Win+L to switch to the Welcome screen.

2.Lock your workstation

Press Win+L to lock your workstation.

3.Switch user easly

You can switch users without going through the Welcome screen: From Task Manager, go to the Users tab, right-click a user, and select Connect.

4.Hibrernate computer

Hold down the shift key in the shutdown dialog to change "Stand By" to "Hibernate". Or just press H to hibernate instantly. You can even use the Power Control Panel to configure your power button to hibernate.

5.Disable password when resuming stanby

To disable the password when resuming from standby or hibernation, open the Power Control Panel and uncheck "Prompt for password after returning from standby" on the Advanced tab.

6.Shut down via Remote Desktop

To shut down via Remote Desktop, click the Start button, then type Alt+F4. 

Restrict folder access in Group Policy Editor

               In Group Policy Editor you can restrict folder access by disabling Simple File Sharing and then right-clicking the folder you would like to protect and selecting 'Properties'. Move to the 'Security' tab and you're ready to restrict folder access.

            Now 'Add' and then select the user you would like to restrict. Tick the top box in the 'Deny' column to prevent the selected user from accessing, viewing or modifying the files in the folder you selected.

Disable autorun for discs

                Put a disc in your CD/DVD drive and you'll notice an appreciable lag as it spins up, even if you're not just about to use it. If you don't always need your CDs and DVDs to launch automatically when you insert them, the needless spinning up of the discs can slow your machine down.

You can disable CD autorun by modifying this registry key:

'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Cdrom'. Double-click the 'AutoRun Dword' value and set it to '0'. Change it to '1' to restore it.

Edit your drive names

                If you've split your hard drive into two or more partitions, renaming drives can make them easier to identify. Partitions enable you to store groups of data separately from each other on your computer - effectively like having multiple hard drives. Simply right-click a hard drive partition in My Computer, select Properties, and enter a new label.

Make custom icons

         

           If you decide to make your own custom icons, there are a few things to be aware of. First, they come in different sizes according to where they are displayed, such as the desktop, the Start menu, Folders, Drives, and so on.

         Icons are measured in pixels, and the three sizes used on Windows XP are 16 x 16, 32 x 32 and 48 x 48. Second, icons use a 32-bit palette, enabling you to use any colour that the eye can detect.

         In the past, icons were either opaque (solid), or completely transparent, making them appear as sharp-edged cutouts on the screen. Now, they can gently fade into the background, and you can create subtle shadow effects.

         Finally, the default Windows icons are packaged and encoded into the shell32.dll, and many program icons are similarly hard-coded. If you choose to replace these icons, you can either select any of the default icons, or you can add icons you've downloaded from the internet or created yourself in an image editor or icon creator. Individual icons have the ICO file extension, while icon groups have the ICL extension.

Shut Down from Your Desktop

          If you're trying to eliminate every extraneous mouse click, you can shut down your computer with an icon on the desktop. Right-click on your desktop, click "New," and then click "Shortcut." In the "Type the location of the item" field, type "shutdown -s -t 00" to give you a way to shut down the computer immediately. (Change the -s to -r to create a reboot shortcut instead.)

Control Inactive System Tray Icons

                You don't have to hide or show all the icons in your system tray—you can control their disappearing acts. Right-click on the taskbar and select Properties. Click on the checkbox next to "Hide inactive icons" (if it's not checked by default), then click on the Customize button. For each item on this list, you can choose "Hide when inactive," "Always hide," or "Always show" options to decide what you'll see and when.

Group apps in windows 8

                The Start screen apps are initially displayed in a fairly random order, but if you'd prefer a more organised life then it's easy to sort them into custom groups.

                You might drag People, Mail, Messaging and Calendar over to the left-hand side, for instance, to form a separate 'People' group. Click the 'minus' icon in the bottom right corner of the screen to zoom out and you'll now find you can drag and drop the new group (or any of the others) around as a block.

               Right-click within the block (while still zoomed out) and you'll also be able to give the group a name, which - if you go on to add another 20 or 30 apps to your Start screen - will make it much easier to find the tools you need.

Internet Diagnose the problem

1) Click Start

2) click Run

3) type %windir%\network diagnostic\xpnetdiag.exe

4) click OK.

Handle basic navigation

Windows 8's interface is all colorful tiles and touch-friendly apps. And if you're using a tablet then it'll all be very straightforward: just swipe left or right to scroll the screen, and tap any tile of interest.

On a regular desktop, though, you might alternatively spin the mouse wheel to scroll backwards and forwards.

And you can also use the keyboard. Press the Home or End keys to jump from one end of your Start screen to the other, for instance, then use the cursor keys to select a particular tile, tapping Enter to select it. Press the Windows key to return to the Start screen; right-click (or swipe down on) apps you don't need and select Unpin to remove them; and drag and drop the other tiles around to organize them as you like.

How to Protect your Files from Other Network Users by Disabling Administrative Share

Finding out if your Windows operating system created administrative shares

1.    Right-click on My Computer on the desktop and select Manage

2.    After the Computer Management console loads, expand Shared Folders

3.    Select Shares

4.    Look at the right side and see if your partitions are shared. It is easy to spot because it will look something like C$ or D$ which is dependent on your computer’s drive letters

If you find one or all of your partitions there, then you’ve got administrative shares. You should seriously consider disabling it to secure your computer.

Loading the Registry Editor

The best way to do this is to change a value in the registry. Follow the steps below to load the Registry Editor.

1.    Press the Start button

2.    Select Run

3.    Type Regedit in the dialog box

4.    Select Ok and the Registry Editor loads afterwards

Disabling administrative shares

In this task, we need to go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\LanManServer

\Parameters

To get there, please follow the steps below.

1.             Expand HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE

2.             Expand System

3.             Expand CurrentControlSet

4.             Expand Services

5.             Expand LanManServer

6.             Select Parameters

7.             Look for the REG_DWORD entry named AutoShareWks

8.             Double-click on it and change the value to 0

In case the entry AutoShareWks does not exist, do the following:

1.    Right-click on the right side of the editor

2.    Select New, then DWORD

3.    Type AutoShareWks as the name of the entry

4.    Check that the value is 0

5.    Close the editor

6.    Reboot the computer

After rebooting, go back to the Computer Management console and check the shares again. It should now look something like the picture below.

Your files are now safe from other network users.